EMS Infographic - When Ambulances Crash

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) used 10 years of data to understand patient and provider safety in EMS-involved collisions. The above infographic illustrates their findings.

 

EMS Anatomy & Physiology - The Woes of Alcohol

 

EMS Providers should have a good understanding of the effects of alcohol on the body as they will often encounter patients who have consumed alcohol, either too excess or through habitual prolonged consumption, that may be experiencing related medical issues or emergencies. 

Here are some key points EMS providers should know about the effects of alcohol on the body:

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC): Understanding how alcohol is measured in the body is crucial. BAC is a measure of the amount of alcohol in a person's bloodstream. It is typically expressed as a percentage. For example, a BAC of 0.08% means that there is 0.08 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.

Metabolism: Alcohol is metabolized in the liver. The rate of metabolism varies from person to person, but on average, the body metabolizes about one standard drink per hour.

Blood Vessel Dilation: Alcohol can cause blood vessels to dilate (expand), which can lead to a sensation of warmth and cause the skin to flush. However, vessel dilation can also cause a drop in core body temperature, which may lead to hypothermia, especially in cold environments.

Platelet Function: Alcohol can affect platelet function, potentially making the blood less likely to clot quickly. This is one reason why excessive alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of bleeding and bruising.

Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressant: Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, which means it slows down brain activity. This can result in impaired judgment, coordination, and reaction times.

Behavioral and Psychological Effects: Alcohol can lead to mood swings, impaired decision-making, and can lower inhibitions. This may result in risky behaviors, including accidents and injuries.

Respiratory Depression: In high doses, alcohol can suppress the respiratory system, potentially leading to respiratory distress or failure.

Dehydration: Alcohol is a diuretic, which means it can lead to increased urine production and dehydration. In turn, dehydration can exacerbate the effects of alcohol and lead to electrolyte imbalances. Dehydration can also make the blood more viscous, which might give the impression of "thicker" blood.

Gastric Irritation: Alcohol can irritate the stomach lining, potentially leading to gastritis or ulcers. Vomiting is common in alcohol intoxication cases.

Interaction with Other Substances: EMS providers should be aware of potential drug interactions when patients have consumed alcohol, as it can interact with various medications and other substances.

Hypoglycemia: Alcohol can cause a drop in blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms like confusion, weakness, and seizures.

Alcohol Poisoning: In severe cases of alcohol intoxication, alcohol poisoning can occur. Symptoms may include vomiting, slow or irregular breathing, seizures, and unconsciousness. Alcohol poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Withdrawal: Individuals who are chronic alcohol users may experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop drinking. EMS providers should be aware of these symptoms, which can include seizures, hallucinations, and delirium tremens.

Legal Implications: Understanding local laws related to alcohol, such as legal drinking ages and open container laws, is essential for EMS providers when assessing situations involving alcohol.

Patient Assessment: EMS providers should conduct a thorough patient assessment, considering vital signs, mental status, and any injuries or medical conditions that may be exacerbated by alcohol consumption.

Safety Precautions: EMS providers should take safety precautions when dealing with intoxicated individuals, as they may be unpredictable or agitated. Ensuring the safety of both the patient and the EMS team is essential.

Understanding the effects of alcohol on the body is crucial for EMS providers to provide appropriate care, make informed decisions, and ensure the safety of both the patient and themselves in alcohol-related emergencies. 

Additionally, EMS providers should be well-versed in the protocols and guidelines for managing alcohol-related cases in their specific regions.

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#BloodAlcoholConcentration #Withdrawal #Hypoglycemia

Peculiar Patient Presentations - Monkeypox

 

EMS Providers should be aware of the following key points about Monkeypox:

Transmission and Symptoms: Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals (like rodents) and sometimes from human to human. It causes symptoms similar to smallpox, such as fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. EMS providers should be vigilant when encountering patients with unexplained febrile illnesses or rashes, especially if they have recently traveled to areas where Monkeypox is endemic.

Infection Control: Given that Monkeypox can spread through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected animals, or possibly through human-to-human contact, EMS providers should adhere to strict infection control measures. This includes using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including masks, gloves, and gowns, when in contact with suspected cases.

Isolation: Suspected cases of Monkeypox should be isolated from other patients and transported to healthcare facilities equipped to handle highly infectious diseases. EMS providers should communicate their suspicions to the receiving facility in advance to ensure proper precautions are taken.

Vaccination and Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment for Monkeypox, but supportive care can be provided. Vaccination against smallpox has shown some effectiveness in preventing Monkeypox. EMS providers should inquire about the vaccination status of patients, especially if they are at higher risk due to their occupation or travel history.

Reporting: EMS providers should be aware of local and national reporting requirements for suspected cases of Monkeypox. Timely reporting is crucial for public health authorities to monitor and contain potential outbreaks.

Education: Keeping up-to-date with information about emerging infectious diseases, like Monkeypox, is essential for EMS providers. Training and education programs should include the recognition of symptoms, appropriate PPE usage, and infection control measures.

Community Awareness: EMS providers can play a role in educating the community about Monkeypox, its transmission, and prevention strategies. This can help in early detection and containment of the disease.

It's important to note that Monkeypox is rare, but awareness and preparedness are key to effectively managing any potential cases and preventing further transmission. EMS providers should collaborate closely with local health departments and follow their guidelines when dealing with suspected cases of Monkeypox.

#PeculiarPatientPresentations #Monkeypox #EmergencyMedicalServices #EMS #InfectionControl #Vaccinations